Archeological resources are the physical evidence of past humans' activities and their cultures. They include artifacts, features, sites, and associated documentation. The Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) and its regulations say, “Archaeological resource means any material remains of human life or activities which are at least 100 years of age, and which are of archaeological interest." (Although 100 years is the ARPA definition, archeologists are interested in more recent history as well.)
* Sites are a place or a group of places where evidence of past human activities is preserved. A single component site represents a single activity or occupation. A multi-component site represents multiple activities or occupations. Examples: Petroglyphs, battlefields, shipwrecks, coal mining camps
* Features denote a particular activity area or construction site within an archeological site. Features cannot be easily moved. Examples: Fire pits, house foundations, lithic scatters
* Artifacts are objects humans made or modified. Unlike features, artifacts are portable. Examples of artifacts: Ceramic sherds, metal nails, stone tools, Examples of ec are natural remains associated with human behavior.
* Ecofacts come from the natural world, but provide insight on human life. Examples: Shell, bones, seeds, pollen
* Associated documentation consists of archeologists' records from archeological projects. It is curated with artifacts and ecofacts into an archeological collection. Sometimes, the associated documentation is the only record of an archeological investigation. Examples: Maps, field notes, photographs, reports
Archeological resources are found in virtually every park in the National Park System. A "resource" is meant to be used. NPS archeological resources are available for study, interpretive uses (like exhibits), educational programs, and more. They reflect the range of stories preserved by NPS. Many connect to people and places, patterns and trends, and perspectives and meanings beyond park borders.
Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service